FUNGI AND BIOECONOMY: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO NATURAL RESOURCE VALORIZATION

The search for global sustainability has been a constant concern and must advance towards awareness about the preservation and appreciation of natural resources, aiming to guarantee the maintenance of the planet. In this context, microorganisms play a fundamental role in sustainable development, as they are capable of degrading complex molecules, such as cellulose, into simple monomers. This study aims to analyze the reproductive cycle of the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, as well as the capacity of fungi to produce enzymes and their contributions to the global bioeconomy. The study used a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, based on a literature review to analyze relevant concepts and results. The research was carried out on Google Scholar, focusing on articles published between 2019 and 2023, to ensure timeliness and relevance. The phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, widely distributed in different habitats, have complex life cycles and produce spores, being essential in biotechnological processes. Endophytic fungi stand out for their potential to generate bioactive compounds, used in the production of food, medicines, biofuels, and paper, in addition to contributing to food security, health, and renewable energy. These fungi are the largest producers of enzymes, such as cellulase, amylase, protease, and lipase, which are widely applied in global industries. The prospecting of new endophytic isolates is crucial for the advancement of the bioeconomy and the sustainable exploitation of natural resources.