PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY, VIGOR, AND DORMANCY OF SEEDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CROP ESTABLISHMENT: A REVIEW STUDY

Seed quality is one of the fundamental pillars for the success of agricultural production systems, directly influencing stand establishment, early plant development, and crop yield potential. In this context, seed vigor stands out as an essential attribute, as it reflects the capacity for performance under different environmental conditions, particularly those considered adverse. This chapter aims to review the main concepts related to seed physiological quality, with emphasis on vigor, evaluation methods, and factors affecting field performance. Widely used techniques for monitoring physiological potential are discussed, including germination, vigor, and accelerated aging tests, as well as the effects of environmental conditions and management failures on seed viability and seedling development. Additionally, the dynamics of seed dormancy, its main classifications, and the methods employed for dormancy overcoming are addressed, with emphasis on chemical scarification, including the use of sodium hypochlorite. An integrated understanding of these aspects is essential for strategic decision-making in seed production, storage, and commercialization, contributing to greater productive efficiency and agricultural sustainability.